By Barbara Call Bourassa
If your kids spend hours outside, be aware that heat exposure combined with physical activity can be extremely dangerous. Learn what steps you can take to protect them this summer.
Q: Why do heat-related illnesses happen?
A: Normally, the body has ways of keeping itself cool, by letting heat escape through the skin, and by evaporating sweat. If the body does not cool properly or does not cool enough, the victim may experience a heat-related illness. Anyone can be susceptible, although the very young and very old are at greater risk. Heat-related illnesses can become serious or even deadly if unattended.
Q: What are some signs of dehydration?
A: Symptoms include dry or sticky mouth, little or no urine output, inability to produce tears, sunken eyes, a feeling of lethargy, headache, cramps, or dizziness. Urine color is a useful screening measure of hydration, according to the American College of Sports Medicine's Roundtable on Hydration and Physical Activity. People who produce urine that is pale yellow to clear are well hydrated, while people who produce dark yellow or amber colored urine may already be dehydrated.
Q: What is heat stroke, and what are some of its signs?
A: Heat stroke is an injury to internal organs caused by excessively high body temperature that can damage the central nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and other organs. There are two types of heat stroke: exertional, or activity-induced, which primarily affects athletes, laborers, and soldiers; and classic, or non-exercise-induced, which can affect anyone exposed to extremely hot environments for extended lengths of time. Like dehydration, symptoms of heat stroke can include headaches, cramps, and dizziness. But more severe symptoms may include a high fever and even unconsciousness.
Q: How can I keep my kids safe from heat-related illnesses?
A: Heat injuries can generally be prevented with a little effort and a lot of common sense. Be sure that your kids drink plenty of water constantly, wear loose and light-colored clothing, and stay in the shade if possible. If you and your children know the signs to look for, you’ll be better able to address the situation before it becomes too serious.
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